Plant profiles

Garlic

Garlic, scientifically known as Allium sativum, is a potent and versatile herb that has been revered throughout history for its culinary and medicinal properties. A member of the onion family, garlic is celebrated not just for its strong flavor, but also for its health benefits, which include boosting immunity, reducing blood pressure, and improving heart health.

Physical Description

Garlic plants feature long, flat, green leaves and a stem that can grow up to 3 feet tall. The plant produces a bulb, which is the most commonly used part. Each bulb is encased in a papery skin and consists of multiple segments known as cloves. Garlic flowers are also produced but are less commonly seen as the plants are usually harvested before they bloom.

Which Parts to Use

The bulb, specifically the individual cloves, is the part of the garlic plant most frequently used. Garlic can be consumed fresh, cooked, or aged, as in black garlic. Garlic oil and powder are also popular derivatives of the plant.

Uses of Herb

Garlic is known for its strong antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. It's commonly used to boost the immune system, especially during cold and flu seasons. Garlic has been shown to improve cardiovascular health by lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels. It also has antioxidant properties, which can help combat the signs of aging and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Growing and Harvesting Tips

Garlic is relatively easy to grow and can be planted in the fall or early spring. It prefers well-drained, fertile soil and full sunlight. Plant the cloves pointy end up, about 2 inches deep and 4-6 inches apart. Garlic requires consistent watering, especially during the growing season. Harvest garlic when the lower leaves begin to brown, usually in mid to late summer. Carefully dig up the bulbs and let them dry in a warm, airy place for a few weeks before storing.

Precautions and Possible Interactions

Garlic is safe for most people when consumed in food amounts, but large medicinal doses can have side effects such as bad breath, heartburn, gas, and upset stomach. It can also interact with certain medications, particularly blood thinners, due to its natural anti-coagulant properties. Individuals scheduled for surgery should reduce garlic intake to avoid excessive bleeding.

History and Folklore

Garlic has been used by various cultures for thousands of years, not only as a food but also for its medicinal properties. Ancient Egyptians used it to give strength to their laborers, and it was found in the tomb of King Tutankhamun. In medieval Europe, garlic was believed to ward off the plague. It's also been used in various folk remedies and superstitions, such as warding off vampires and evil spirits.

Additional Resources

"Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science" by Eric Block: https://www.amazon.com/Garlic-Other-Alliums-Science-Publications/dp/0854041907

Missouri Botanical Garden - Allium sativum: https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a258

"The Healing Powers of Garlic: A Complete Guide to Nature's Natural Healer" by Paul M. Coates, M. Coates Paul: https://www.amazon.com/Healing-Powers-Garlic-Complete-Natures/dp/0735200370

WebMD - Garlic: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-300/garlic

"The Complete Book of Garlic: A Guide for Gardeners, Growers, and Serious Cooks" by Ted Jordan Meredith: https://www.amazon.com/Complete-Book-Garlic-Gardeners-Growers/dp/0881928836